Southern Freedom Movement Web Links
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
NOTICE — This list of web information sources is provided
for research purposes only. Inclusion in this list does not imply any kind of
agreement, approval, or endorsement of a particular website by Civil Rights
Movement Veterans.
~ A ~
Alabama Christian Movement Human Rights (ACMHR)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights Founded (CRMVets)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Birmingham Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Lesson Plan: The Children's crusade ... (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Birmingham Demonstrations (Alabama Dept. Archives & History)
Fred Shuttlesworth (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (Teachers Domain)
See also
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
Fred Shuttlesworth
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Alabama Movement
Alabama Governor Wallace Takes Office, 1963 (CRMVets)
Standing In the Schoolhouse Door, 1963 (CRMVets)
Savage Repression in Gadsden AL, 1963 (CRMVets)
Teacher Resources (Alabama Department Archives & History)
See also:
Alabama Christian Movement Human Rights
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
Selma Voting Rights Campaign & March to Montgomery
Fred Shuttlesworth
Assasination of Jonathan Daniels
Jimmy Lee Jackson Murdered
Viola Luizzo Murder
Albany, Americus, & SW Georgia Movements 1961-1964
Albany GA, Movement, 1961-1962 (CRMVets)
"Seditious Conspiracy" in Americus GA, 1963 (CRMVets)
Federal "Jury Tampering" Frameup in Albany GA, 1963 (CRMVets)
Albany Civil Rights Movement Institute
Albany Movement (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Mt. Zion Baptist Church (WSO Places ~ NPS)
A Faith Forged in Albany (This Far by Faith - PBS)
Integrating Carnegie Library (Freedom On Film ~ UGA) [Text-Video]
Trailways Lunch Counter Sit-In (Freedom On Film ~ UGA) [Text-Video]
Albany Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Albany Movement (Civil Rights Digital Library)
"My Name Is Freedom Albany, Georgia" (Howard Zinn - Z Magazine)
My Family The Movement & Me by Cathy Cade
Report From Albany, Ga. (Harvard Crimson)
Sedition Trial, Americus (CRDL ~ Univ of Georgia)
Civil Rights Protest Era in Americus, GA (The Times-Recorder)
Americus Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Americus-Sumter County Movement Remembered.
See also JFK Library
"All Deliberate Speed" Ruling (AKA "Brown II")
With Little Deliberate Speed (African American History!)
With All Deliberate Speed - Lesson Plan (Anti-Defamation League)
With All Deliberate Speed (Library of Congress)
All Deliberate Speed? (Landmark Supreme Court Cases)
See also Brown v. Board of Education 1950-1954
Atlanta Movement
Atlanta Sit-ins, 1960 (CRMVets)
SNCC Meets Kenyan Freedom Fighter in Atlanta, 1963 (CRMVets)
Atlanta Sit-ins & Mass Arrests, 1964 (CRMVets)
Atlanta in the Civil Rights Movement (Atlanta Higher Education)
Atlanta University District (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Voices of Civil Rights Movement in Atlanta (Public Broadcasting Atlanta)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Sit-ins: Atlanta, Ga. (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Heart of Atlanta/Pickrick trial (Civil Rights Digital Library)
~ B ~
Baltimore & Maryland
Baltimore Sit-ins & Protests (CRMVets)
Northwood Theatre — Baltimore, 1963
Keep on Moving Toward Freedom (Maryland Historical Society)
Desegregation of Maryland's Restaurants (Maryland State Archives)
The Vintage Elm: Freedom Riders (Washington College)
Letters & Reports of Paul Cowan (Harvard Crimson)
See also Cambridge MD Movement
Ella Baker
Ella Josephine Baker and SNCC (HieroGraphics Online)
Ella Baker As I Knew Her (Casey Hayden - Social Policy)
Ella Baker and the Process of Social Change (Ted Glick - ZNet)
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott (CRMVets)
The First Civil Rights Bus Boycott (National Public Radio)
The First Civil Rights Bus Boycott! (African American Registry)
Civil Rights Movement And Violence (Guyana Jounal)
Signpost to Freedom: Baton Rouge Bus Boycott (Louisiana Public Broadcasting)
Bay Area Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement. (CRMVets)
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
The Birmingham Campaign, 1963 (CRMVets)
Birmingham Church Bombing, 1963 (CRMVets)
Birmingham Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Lesson Plan: The Children's crusade ... (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
Kelly Ingram Park (WSO Places, NPS)
Birmingham Demonstrations (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Freedom Now! (Pacifica Radio Archive transcript)
Birmingham (African American History!)
Birmingham Demonstrations (Alabama Dept. Archives & History)
Birmingham on the Road to Civil Rights (Poynter Institute)
Fred Shuttlesworth (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Audrey Hendricks Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Joe Dickson Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Miriam McClendon (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (WSO Places - NPS)
Birmingham Bombing...) (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Birmingham church bombing. ("4 Little Girls" ~ Spike Lee film)
In Memory of Four Little Girls (UseekUfind.com)
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (ADAH)
The FBI and Hoover (Crime Library ~ Court TV)
See also
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
Fred Shuttlesworth
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
JFK Library
Black Power
Black Power (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Black Power (SNCC 1960-1966)
"Black Power" Stokely Carmichael speech at U.C. Berkeley
Position Paper: The Basis of Black Power (The '60s Project)
Black Power (Spartacus Educational, UK)
Black Power in the U.S. (Global Mappings)
How Was Black Power Different From CRM? (Learn History - UK)
Black Power (Norman Coombs ~ Black Experience in America)
How Stokely Carmichael Betrayed the Movement (Eric Etheridge/James Lawson)
Bogalusa LA Movement
Civil Rights Struggle (Southeastern Louisiana Univeristy)
By Any Means Necessary (Nation Magazine)
"Niggers Ain't Gonna Run This Town" (Seth Hague ~ Loyola Univ.)
Bogalusa Negro Community vs. Crown Colony (Calisphere ~ U.C. Berkeley))
History: Washington Parish, Louisiana (UsGenWeb)
Klan Murder Shines Light on Bogalusa, La. (Larry Keller ~ Southern Poverty Law Center)
See also:
Louisiana Movement
Deacons for Defense
Julian Bond
Julian Bond (Veterans Roll Call ~ CRMVets)
Julian Bond (Southern Poverty Law Center)
Julian Bond (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Brown v. Board of Education 1950-1954
Brown v Board of Education (CRMVets)
BvBoE Text of Decision (U.S. Supreme Court)
BvBoE History & Background (African American History!)
BvBoE National Historic Site (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Brown v Board of Education (WSO Places ~ NPS)
In Pusuit of Freedom & Equality (Brown Foundation)
Separate Is Not Equal (Smithsonian National Museum of American History)
Federal Records ~ BvVoE (National Archives)
Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan: BvBoE (National Archives)
Brown v. Board of Education (Landmark Supreme Court Cases)
The Norfolk 17 (Virginia school integration)
... Beginning of School Desegregation in Nashville (John Egerton ~ Southern Spaces)
Still Separate, Still Unequal:... (Jonathan Kozol ~ Harper's Magazine)
Looking Back at BvBoE 50th Anniversary (National Public Radio)
A Class of One — Interview With Ruby Bridges (Online News Hour - PBS)
"With an Even Hand" BvBoE at 50 (Library of Congress)
crdl.usg.edu/events/brown_vs_boe/ (Civil Rights Digital Library)
See also "All Deliberate Speed" Ruling (AKA "Brown II")
The School Integrators
Somebody Had To Do It A children's retrospective on school desegregation (Claflin Univ.)
Public-School (K-12) Integration
See also Student Strike at Moton High
See also Little Rock School Desegregation
See also New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
College Integration
See also Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
See also University of Alabama, Desegregation of
See also University of Georgia, Desegregation of
See also Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss
~ C ~
Cambridge MD Movement & Gloria Richardson
Cambridge MD, 1962 (CRMVets)
Cambridge MD, 1963 (CRMVets)
Cambridge MD & the "White Backlash", 1964 (CRMVets)
"If This Town Don't Come Around... (Patrick Jones ~ Univ. Nebraska)
Gloria Richardson
Gloria Richardson (Wikipedia)
See also Baltimore & Maryland
Stokely Carmichael see Kwame Ture
Chicago Freedom Movement 40 (Loyola University Chicago)
Chicago Friends of SNCC. Website conference, documentation project, and archive.
Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
Lynching of Chaney, Schwerner & Goodman (CRMVets)
Neshoba Murders Case — A Chronology (Arkansas Delta Truth & Justice Center)
The Struggle for Justice (Ben Chaney, American Bar Assoc)
U. S. vs Cecil Price et al. (Famous Trials, Univ Missouri)
Freedom Summer Killings (PBS, Online Newshour)
June 21, 1964: Neshoba County Killings (USM)
Mississippi Burning, 1964 (WhiteHouseTapes.org ~ Univ. Virginia)
See also Freedom Summer
Charlotte & Rock Hill Sit-ins
Rock Hill & Charlotte Sit-ins (J. Charles Jones)
Rock Hill SC, "Jail-No-Bail" Sit-ins, 1961 (CRMVets)
Charlottsville VA, Race & Place (Univ. of Virginia)
Children of the Movement. (Website for book about children of Movement leaders)
Citizenship Schools
Citizenship Schools (CRMVets)
Citizenship Schools & Civil Rights Movement (Highlander Center)
Interview with Dorothy Cotton (Center for Democracy & Citizenship) [PDF]
Septima Poinsette Clark (1898-1987) (Sistermentors)
Dorchester Academy (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Bernice Robinson (1914-1994) (National Louis Univ.)
Civil Rights Acts
Constitutional Law & Civil Rights Movement (Prof Bickel, Stetson Univ.)
Civil Rights Documentation Project (Dirksen Congressional Center)
Civil Rights Act — 1957
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (AfricanAmericans.com)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Wikipedia)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 Excerpts. (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Eisenhower Library) [PDF]
Civil Rights Act — 1960
Civil Rghts Act of 1960 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act of 1960 Excerpts. (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act of 1960 (AfricanAmericans.Com)
Civil Rights Act — 1964
Civil Rights Act Passes in the House (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act — Battle in the Senate (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act; July 2, 1964 (Yale Law School)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (King ~ Stanford Univ)
Major Features (& history) of the Act (Dirksen Center)
Legislative History (Dirksen Center)
Civil Rights Filibuster Ended (U.S. Senate)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Civil Rights an Overview (Cornell Law School)
Teaching With Documents, CRA 1964 (U.S. National Archives)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (AfricanAmericans.Com)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Wikipedia)
CRA 1964: 40th Anniversary (U.S. Census)
See also:
JFK Library
LBJ Library
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting Rights Act of1965 (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Introduction to Federal Voting Rights Laws (U.S. Dept. of Justice)
The Prize (WSO Places ~ NPS)
See also:
LBJ Library
Voting Rights
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Civil Rights Act — 1968 (AKA "Fair Housing Act")
Fair Housing Laws and Presidential Executive Orders (HUD)
Fair Housing Act (Full text, as amended) (DoJ)
Civil Rights Memorial. (Southern Poverty Law Center)
Civil Rights Movement — General, Overviews & Histories
History & Timeline (CRMVets)
The Movement (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Era (African American Odyssey ~ Library of Congress)
Civil Rights in America: Racial Desegregation of Public Accommodations (NPS) [PDF]
Civil Rights in America: Racial Voting Rights (NPS) [PDF]
Eyes on the Prize (Website) (American Experience ~ PBS & Blackside)
Eyes on the Prize Interviews (Washington Univ.) Transcripts of interviews
Civil Rights (AfricanaOnline)
Civil Rights (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965 (African American History!)
Civil Rights Movement (History.com)
Freedom on Film (Univ. of Georgia) [Text-Video]
American Civil Rights Movement [Lesson Plan] (Grade-8) [PDF]
Civil Rights Special Collection (Teachers Domain)
Civil Rights Movement: 1919-1960s (TeacherServe ~ National Humanities Center)
Civil Rights as a People's Movement: An Outline. (American Univ.)
Civil Rights Movement (Black History: Encyclopedia Britannica)
History-628: Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.. (Univ. Wisconsin)
Manuscript Sources for Civil Rights History (Emory Univ. Library)
Let Justice Roll Down: CRM Through Film (Yale Teachers Institute)
SoJust.net (Social justice documents & resource materials)
Teacher Resources (Alabama Department Archives & History)
The Civil Rights Movement (History Now, Issue #8, 2006)
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (NY Public Library)
Civil Rights Movement: Photographic History, [Photos & text]
100 Great Sites to Celebrate Black History Month (Bachelors Degrees Online)
Civil Rights Movement (U.K & U.S.)
Civil Rights in America (Gannett Co.)
See also
We Shall Overcome Historic Places
COINTELPRO see FBI Against the Movement
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
CORE Website
CORE (AfricanaOnline)
CORE Papers, 1959 — 1976 (LexisNexis)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Congress of Racial Equality (Audio) (Civil Rights Documentation Project ~ USM)
See also
James Farmer
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) Formed (CRMVets)
Story of COFO Part 1 and
Part 2 (Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
COFO brochure (Univ. Southern Mississippi Digital Archive)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) (AfricanaOnline)
See also Mississippi Movement
~ D ~
Vernon Dahmer
Doing Something About Dahmer (Southern Poverty Law Center)
32 Years to Justice (Sandra Peters ~ Response - United Methodist Women)
Former KKK Leader Convicted of 1966 Murder (CNN)
NCC Officials Relieved by Verdict in Mississippi Murder Case (NCC)
Journey to Justice Remembered (Dana Williams ~ Tolerance.org)
See also
Martyrs of the Movement
Jonathan Daniels
"The Murder of Jonathan Daniels" [video] (Veterans of Hope Project)
Jonathan Daniels (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Civil rights martyr remembered... (Episcopal News Service)
Long Train Runnin' (Rose Marie Berger ~ Sojourners Magazine)
Murder of Jonathan Daniels (WhiteHousetapes.Org ~ Univ. Virginia)
See also
Martyrs of the Movement
Danville VA Movement 1963
Danville VA, Movement (CRMVets)
Danville (Virginia Historical Society)
Voices of Freedom Virginia Civil Rights Movement (VCU.)
Mapping Local Knowledge: Danville, Va. (Averett Univ.) [PDF]
Guide to the Danville Case Files (Library of Virginia)
Deacons for Defense
Deacons for Defense and Justice (Africana)
By Any Means Necessary (Mike Marqusee ~ The Nation)
Deacons for Defense & Justice — FBI Files (Paperless Archives)
Deacons for Defense and Justice (Wikipedia)
Henry Austan — Deacons for Defense & Justice (ChickenBones: A Journal)
"Niggers Ain't Gonna Run This Town" (Seth Hague ~ Loyola Univ.)
Deacons For Defense (Larry Pratt ~ Gun Owners of America)
Deacons for Defense and Justice: ... (Timothy Sexton)
Deacons for Defense and Justice (blackmanspirit)
See also:
Bogalusa Movement
Louisiana Movement
~ E ~
Medgar & Myrlie Evers
Medgar Evers Assassination, 1963 (CRMVets)
Medgar's Funeral & End of Jackson Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Jackson, Mississippi by Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Medgar Evers (Africa Within)
Legacy of Medgar Evers (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Myrlie Evers-Williams (NAACP)
Medgar Evers (NAACP)
Medgar Wiley Evers (Arlington National Cemetary)
Medgar Evers and the Origin of the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi (MHS)
Assasination
Medgar Evers Assassination (PBS ~ OnlineNewsHour)
Assassination of Medgar Evers (Civil Rights Documentation Project ~ USM)
See also:
LBJ Library
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
~ F ~
James Farmer
James Farmer (Spartacus Educational - UK)
James Farmer and the Freedom Rides (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
James Leonard Farmer Jr. (Presidential Medal of Freedom)
LBJ Library
Fayette County TN Tent City
Tent Cities of Fayette and Haywood Counties (Tenn. State Univ)
Tent City Timeline (Jackson Sun, Jackson TN)
"Tent City" (Jackson Sun, Jackson TN)
Tent City, Fayette & Harwood Cos (Tennessee Encyclopedia of History)
"Tent City," Tennessee (Univ. of Tennessee at Martin)
FBI Against the Movement
FBI's COINTELPRO Targets the Movement (CRMVets)
COINTELPRO — The Senate Report (Paul Wolf)
FBI Files on Selma, Montgomery, Albany, & etc. (LexisNexis)
CoIntelPro (What Really Happened website)
FBI's Vendetta Against Martin Luther King (excerpt from The Lawless State)
CRM Unlawful Surveillance, Intimidation, & Harassment (Tracked in America)
COINTELPRO (Wikipedia)
Get Grandpa's FBI File (Obtain files using Freedom of Information Act.)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (home page)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Website Campesino)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (@Grass-roots.Org)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Sustainable Communities Network) [PDF]
Florida Movements
Photos of CRM in Florida (State Library & Archives of Florida)
See also:
Harry & Harriette Moore Murder
St. Augustine Movement
Tallahassee Bus Boycott
Jim Forman
Jim Forman (In Memory)
SNCC Founder James Forman (African American Registry)
James Forman (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Political Thought of James Forman (ChickenBones: A Journal)
James Forman Papers (Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress)
Freedom Ballot — Mississippi
Freedom Ballot in MS (CRMVets)
Freedom Ballot (SNCC 1960-1966)
Mississippi Freedom Ballot (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
See also:
Mississippi Movement
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Free Southern Theater
Junebug Productions
Legacy of the Free Southern Theater (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Interview Kalamu ya Salaam (Jordan Green ~ American Poets Interviews)
Junebug Tells All (Jackson Free Press)
Freedom School Curriculem (Education & Democracy)
Report from the Free Southern Theater (Univ. Southern Mississippi Digital Archive)
Free Southern Theater (Amistad Research Center)
John O'Neal (Kirkland Project ~ Hamilton Univ.)
Gilbert Moses (Answer.com)
Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides (CRMVets ~ Timeline & History)
Freedom Riders (CRMVets ~ Pamphlet)
May 4, 1961: Freedom Rides (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & Demonstrations (Library of Congress)
Breach of Peace Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders [video]
Freedom Riders Mug Shots (Eric Etheridge)
Freedom Rides (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Freedom Ride, Recollections of David Fankhauser.
Freedom Rides (African American History!)
Freedom Rides (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Freedom Rides (SNCC)
Get on the Bus! Freedom Riders (Oxford Univ. Press)
James Farmer and the Freedom Rides (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Freedom Riders: The Children Shall Lead (Univ. Mississippi)
Freedom rides (Wikipedia)
"..They're Going to Burn Us Up!" (Excerpt from Freedom Riders...)
Civil Rights History (Immigrant Worker Freedom Ride)
Memorializing the Freedom Riders (Ellen Spears ~ Southern Spaces)
Freedom Riders 40th Reunion
Traveling Down the Road to Freedom (Stephanie ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
See also JFK Library
Freedom Schools
Freedom Schools (CRMVets)
Freedom School Curriculum 1964 (CRMVets)
Sandra Adickes History Lessons in Hattiesburg
Three Letters From a Freedom School Teacher
Freedom School Curriculum. (Education & Democracy)
Mississippi Freedom Summer & Its 30 Schools (ChickenBones: A Journal)
The McComb Freedom School Play (Univ. Illinois Urbana Champagne)
Freedom Schools (Children's Defense Fund)
Freedom Schools: Concept And Organization (Staughton Lynd ~
historyisaweapon.com
)
San Francisco Freedom School
Freedom Songs
Music in the Civil Rights Movement (Bernice Johnson Reagon ~ PBS)
Bernice Johnson Reagon [Audio]
Music of the Civil Rights Movement (Silver Burdett)
The Songs, (Univ. Illinois)
Protest Songs: We Shall Overcome (Lift Every Voice ~ Univ. Virginia)
Building a Vocal Community (Workstations At Maryland Univ)
People Get Ready: Music and the Movement (Brian Ward ~ History Now)
Music of Social Change (MetaScholar ~ Emory Univ.)
Freedom Songs of the CRM: Slave Spirituals Revived (Sweet Chariot ~ Univ of Denver)
Freedom Songs of the Civil Rights Movement (Lesson plan ~ LEARN NC!)
Songs of the Civil Rights Movement (History Now) [Audio]
A Freedom Singer Shares The Music Of The Movement (NPR) [Text & Audio]
Bernice Johnson Reagon: Civil Rights song leader (Folkways ~ Smithsonian Inst.)
Songs and the Civil Rights Movement (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Freedom songs today:
Songs of Freedom and Struggle (People's Music Network)
Freedom Song Network (FSN)
Songs of Freedom (TV show)
See also Poetry
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer (CRMVets)
Freedom Summer Rememberances (CRMVets)
"Letters From Mississippi," by Elizabeth Sutherland Martinez
Freedom Summer (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
1964: Freedom Summer (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
SNCC Memorandum (overview & plan) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Freedom Summer (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Mississippi Freedom Summer Digital Collection (Miami University [Ohio])
Freedom Summer Killings (PBS, Online Newshour)
Mississippi Burning, 1964 (WhiteHouseTapes.Org)
Freedom Summer (AfricanaOnline)
Freedom Summer: A New Voter Bob Moses (Boston Latin School)
Letters From Participants (America Firsthand)
Oh Freedom Over Me (American RadioWorks)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Three who gave their lives By Les Bayless (People's Weekly World)
Tense Times Jane Adams (Southern Illinois Univ.)
Mississippi Summer 1964 (Gren Whitman ~ Progressive Review)
Images of Hate & Hope (Ted Polumbaum photos ~ Newseum)
Mississippi Summer Freedom Project (some letters from)
Robert Moses Archive [photo collection] (Boston Latin School)
Report by a Student Volunteer (Zoya Zeman ~ Scripps College)
Freedom Summer Recollections Terrie Shaw (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
See also Mississippi Movement
See also Freedom Schools
Friends of SNCC
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (January 1965)
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (February 1965)
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (March 1965)
See also Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
~ G ~
Georgia Movement
Civil Rights Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Augusta Movement (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Freedom on Film Civil Rights in Georgia (Univ. of Georgia)
Augusta (Freedom on Film ~ Univ. Georgia)
See also:
Albany, Americus, & SW Georgia Movements
Atlanta Movement
Savannah Movement
Andrew Goodman see Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
Greensboro Sit-ins
First Southern Sit-in, Greensboro NC (CRMVets)
International Civil Rights Center and Museum (Greensboro)
Greensboro Sit Ins: Launch of a Movement (Greensboro News-Record)
Greensboro Woolworth Building (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Greensboro Voices (Univ. North Carolina) 125 interviews
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & Demonstrations (Library of Congress)
Sit-ins: Greensboro, N.C. (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Sit-Ins (African American History!)
First Sit-in on February 1, 1960 (SNCC 1960-1966)
Sitting for Justice (Smithsonian Museum of American History)
February One: Story of Greensboro Four ([IndependentLens PBS)
Beginning: Students Sit-In in Greensboro (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Greensboro sit-ins (Wikipedia)
See also North Carolina Movement
Greenwood MS Movement
Mississippi Voter Registration — Greenwood, 1962 (CRMVets)
Greenwood Food Blockade, 1962 (CRMVets)
Marching For Freedom in Greenwood, 1963 (CRMVets)
"Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Grenada MS Movement (1967)
Grenada MS, Movement (CRMVets)
~ H ~
Fannie Lou Hamer
Oral History — Fannie Lou Hamer Transcript (Univ Southern Miss)
Fannie Lou Hamer (ROAR International)
The Hamer Institute
Fannie Lou Hamer. Web biography.
Fannie Lou Hamer (Woman A Week Archives)
Fannie Lou Hamer — Rugged Road to Freedom (One Woman Show)
Long Road to Freedom — A Play (Scholastic)
Who is Fannie Lou Hamer? (PageWise)
Fannie Lou Hamer Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Testimony - Democratic National Convention (American RadioWorks)
Testimony at Democratic Convention — 1964 (Voices of Freedom)
Fannie Lou Hamer (Africa Within)
Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired (YouTube video by high school students)
Fannie Lou Hamer: Civil Rights Activist (Mississippi Historical Society)
Hattiesburg MS Movement
Freedom Day in Hattiesburg (CRMVets)
"Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
A Brief History of the Civil Rights Movement in Hattiesburg (Bobs Tusa ~ USM)
Feds Charge Mississippi Man With Civil Rights-era Murder (CNN June 2000)
See also Mississippi Movement
Highlander Center
Highlander Center (Highlander Center website)
Highlander Research and Education Center (Wikipedia)
Highlander Research and Education Center (grass-roots.org)
Highlander Research and Education Center (SCN) [PDF]
Dorothy Height see National Council of Negro Women & Dorothy Height
~ I ~
~ J ~
Jimmy Lee Jackson
Jimmy Lee Jackson (Spartacus Educational - UK)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
Jackson, MS, Movement
Tougaloo Nine and Jackson State Protest, 1961 (CRMVets)
Jackson MS, Boycotts, 1962 (CRMVets)
Jackson Sit-in & Protests, 1963 (CRMVets)
Medgar's Funeral & End of Jackson Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Jackson, Mississippi by Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Interview ~ Hunter Bear (John Salter)
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
Jews & the Civil Rights Movement
Jews, Religion, & the Movement (A Discussion)
Jewish involvement in the Civil Rights movement (MyJewishLearning.com)
Civil Rights (Religious Action Center ~ Reform Judaism)
Going South... (Review) (Journal of Southern Religion)
Going South... (Essay) (Jewish Heritage Foundation of North Carolina)
"Jim Crow" see Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Vernon Johns
Vernon Johns, Life and Times (Vernon Johns Society)
Vernon Johns Papers Project. (Ralph Luker)
~ K ~
Clyde Kennard
Clyde Kennard Framed and Jailed in MS (CRMVets)
Clyde Kennard (Wikipedia)
Reflection from Dr Joyce Ladner (Marxism email list)
Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
MLK Overviews & Biographies
All About Martin Luther King (Enchanted Learning) (Students K-12)
DrMartinLutherKingJr.com
Martin Luther King Biography (Nobel Prize Museum)
Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. (Presidential Medal of Freedom)
Martin Luther King (U.S. Dept. of State)
MKL Academic & Historic Centers
King Center, Atlanta GA
M.L. King Research & Education Institute (Stanford Univ)
Morehouse King Collection (Morehouse College)
MLK National Historic Site (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Martin Luther King National Memorial Project.
MLK Awarded Nobel Prize
Award (Nobel Prize Museum)
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Nobel Prize (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Opposes Vietnam War
"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence", Riverside Church, (1967) [PDF]
Audio Excerpts from MLK's Vietnam War speech (BenFrank.net)
"Casualties of the War in Vietnam" MLK Speech. (YONIP)
MLK and Iraq (J. William Youngs ~ Common Dreams)
MLK Assasination in Memphis
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
National Civil Rights Museum.
Court Documents - MLK & Sanitation Workers (National Archives)
Lorrain Hotel (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Dr. King's Assassination (Civil Rights Digital Library)
The Martin Luther King Assasination (Real History Archives)
Civil Suit Backs Conspiracy Theory in King Death (CNN)
An Act of State: The Execution of MLK. (William F. Pepper)
Assassination of MLK Was An Act of State (Book review)
Assassination of Dr. King (Africa Within)
After Three Decades, Another Verdict (James Douglass)
The MLK Assasination (Museum of Broadcast Communications)
A Shot Rings Out in the Memphis Sky (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
JFK Library
MLK Speeches
Martin Luther King Speeches (MLK Online)
"Birth of a New Nation" Montgomery (1957)
Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)
"I Have a Dream" speech, March on Washington (1963)
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech (1964) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence", Riverside Church, (1967) [PDF]
Where Do We Go From Here (1967), (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
The Drum Major Instinct (1968), (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
"I Have Been to the Mountain Top", (last speech) (1968)
Legacy and Analysis of Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King You Don't See On TV (Media Beat ~ FAIR)
Myths of Martin Luther King (Marcus Epstein)
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Ku Klux Klan (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Ku Klux Klan (Anti-Defamation League ~ ADL)
Ku Klux Klan (Wikipedia)
See also White Citizens Council
~ L ~
Legal Organizations
National Lawyers Guild
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (AKA the "Inc Fund")
Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee (LCDC) (1964-1976)
Law Students Civil Rights Research Council (LSCRRC) (Princeton Univ.)
Law Students Civil Rights Research Council (Campbell Univ.)
Herbert Lee
Herbert Lee (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Amite County (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Work of the Civil Rights Division (John Doar FSU Law Review)
Oh Freedom Over Me (Page 4) (American RadioWorks)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
John Lewis
John Lewis (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Statement re MFDP (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Congressman John Lewis (U.S. House of Representatives)
Little Rock School Desegregation
The Little Rock Nine (CRMVets)
Little Rock School Desegregation (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
"All the World is Watching Us" (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Little Rock School Integration Crisis (Eisenhower Presidential Library)
Melba Pattillo Beals Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Little Rock Central High School Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
School Integration in Little Rock, Arkansas (African American History!)
Little Rock (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Time Line: The Stage is Set (Arkansas Online)
On the Front Lines With the Little Rock Nine (PBSKids)
Crises in Little Rock (American RadioWorks)
Crisis in Little Rock (Center for Technology and Teacher Education)
Melba Pattillo Beals (Scholastic)
History of Little Rock Public Schools Desegregation (40th Anniversary)
Warriors Don't Cry: (Rethinking Schools Online)
Little Rock 40 Years Later (New York Times)
Opening Doors and Minds (PBS Newshour)
2, 4, 6, 8: I Think You Best Desegregate! (Jennifer ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Viola Liuzzo
Day Viola Liuzzo Died (Africanaonline)
Viola Liuzzo (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Viola Liuzzo (Unitarian Universalists)
Martyrs of the Movement
Louisiana Movement
Baton Rouge Sit-ins & Student Strike, 1960 (CRMVets)
Baton Rouge Student Protests, 1961 (CRMVets)
"Criminal Anarchy" in Louisiana, 1962 (CRMVets)
Man-Hunt in Plaquemine LA, 1963 (CRMVets)
A House Divided Teaching Guide (SIER ~ Tulane Univ.)
See also:
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
Bogalusa LA Movement
Deacons for Defense
New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
Autherine Lucy and the University of Alabama (Library of Congress)
Autherine Lucy (Wikipedia)
Autherine Lucy Foster Returns... (Tai Hicks ~ Univ. Alabama)
~ M ~
Malcolm X
Brother Malcolm
Official Web Site of Malcom X
Malcolm X (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Malcolm X Quotations (Africa Within)
The Ballot or the Bullet (Social Justice Speeches)
How New York Times Distorted Malcolm on Self-Defense (Walter Lippmann)
Malcolm X: Black Nationalism (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Sonia Sanchez: The Meaning of Malcolm X (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
March on Washington 1963
March on Washington for Jobs & Freedom (CRMVets)
Remembrances of participants (CRMVets)
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
March on Washington (Civil Rights Digital Library)
1963 March on Washington [Audio] (WGBH Boston)
March on Washington (African American History!)
"We Stood on a Height" Pictures & history of the march. (Abbeville Press)
March on Washington (Spartacus Educational)
March on Washington (CORE)
March on Washington (SNCC 1960-1966)
March On Washington (Bergie Lustig - march participant)
Program at the Lincoln Memorial
Speech of John Lewis
"I Have a Dream", speech by Martin Luther King
Can Dreams Come True? (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Commemoration of the March on Washington (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Remembering & Honoring the March (Congresswoman Eddie Johnson)
See also JFK Library
March to Montgomery see Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives For Freedom
Maryland Movement see Baltimore & Maryland
Ruby McCollum Murder Trial
Murder Trial of Ruby McCollum (CRMVets)
Paramour Rights & Reparation Issues (C. Arthur Ellis, Black Commentator)
Case of Ruby McCollum (Time Magazine, Oct. 25, 1954)
McComb MS Movement
Voter Registration & Direct-Action in McComb MS (CRMVets)
"The Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
McComb, Mississippi [Background to play] (Univ. Illinois)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Amite County (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Robert Moses (Spartacus Educational)
Civil Rights In Mississippi Digital Archive (Univ. Southern Miss.):
Oral history of Mr. Nathaniel H. Lewis
Response to the 13th and 14th bombings in McComb
Memo, Betty Garman to friends of SNCC
McComb Incident Summary, June-September 1964
Work of the Civil Rights Division (John Doar FSU Law Review)
Freedom Song (Film) (Turner Le@rning - TNT):
Media Coverage of the Movement
Reporting Civil Rights (Library of America)
TV News of Civil Rights Era (Univ. Virginia)
The MLK Assasination (Museum of Broadcast Communications)
Television News and the Civil Rights Struggle: ... (William Thomas, ~ Southern Spaces)
Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR)
MCHR & Manual for Volunteers (CRMVets)
March on Washington, 1963 (PMC ~ National Institutes of Health)
Memphis Garbage Workers Strike
Memphis: We Remember. (AFSCME)
Images of the Struggle (Univ. Memphis)
Court Documents - MLK & Sanitation Workers (National Archives)
Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike (Civil Rights Digital Library)
At the River I Stand (California Newsreel)
Memphis Sanitation Strike (AFT)
A Shot Rings Out in the Memphis Sky (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss, 1962
James Meredith Desegregates Ole Miss (CRMVets)
Integrating Ole Miss (JFK Library)
'Ole Miss Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
James Meredith (Spartacus Educational)
James Meredith's Admission to Ole Mississippi (African-American History)
Legal Case Digest (Stetson Univ. College of Law) [PDF]
Mississippi race riots over first black student (BBC)
James Meredith (Wikipedia)
Ole Miss, 40 Years Later (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Mississippi and Meredith Remember (CNN ~ 2002)
Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear, 1966
Black civil rights activist shot (BBC)
Meredith March (Spartacus Educational, UK)
Meredith Mississippi (by Jo Freeman)
Remembering the Meredith March (Ray Goldstein)
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
Military, Desegregation of
Committee Against Jim Crow in the Military (PBS) [PDF]
President Harry Truman Wipes Out Military Segregation (Library of Congress)
Integration of the Armed Forces 1940-1965 (U.S. Army)
60th Anniversary of the Integration of the Armed Forces (U.S. Army)
Integrating the Armed Forces (Digital History)
Miscegenation Laws Overturned
Miscegenation (FreeDictionary.com)
Miscegenation Laws in the United States (Organization American Historians)
Loving v. Virginia (U.S. Supreme Court)
Unforgivable Blackness (For Teachers ~ PBS)
Alabama Miscegenation Law Repealed in 2001 (Salon.Com)
See also:
Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) Founded (CRMVets)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Mississippi Freedom Ballot (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (SNCC 1960-1966)
Freedom Ballot (SNCC 1960-1966)
SNCC & MFDP (ROAR International)
Democratic Debacle (AmericanHeritage.com)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (Fact Index)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (AfricanaOnline)
Who is Fannie Lou Hamer? (PageWise)
Fighting For the Soul of the Democratic Party (John Dittmer ~ Yes!)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
MFDP: A Case Stude of Grass-Roots Politics (Leslie McLemore ~ Dissertation, UMass, Amherst)
Mississippi Movement
Oh Freedom Over Me (American RadioWorks)
Freedom Summer (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Bob Moses - Civil Rights (Boston Latin School)
Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Organizations Associated with the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (CRDA ~ USM)
Mississippi Gulf Coast (CRDA ~ USM)
Voter Registration Laws in Mississippi (Freedom School Curriculum)
The Mississippi Power Structure (Freedom School Curriculum)
Standing on My Sisters' Shoulders (Film) Women in the Movement.
ROAR (ROAR International)
Freedom Now! Archival project of Tougaloo College and Brown Univ..
Mississippi Civil Rights & Delta Blues Bookstore
Fighting For the Soul of the Democratic Party (John Dittmer ~ Yes!)
Work of the Civil Rights Division (John Doar FSU Law Review)
Voter Intimidation & 1964 Election (WhiteHousetapes.Org ~ Univ. Virginia)
JFK Library
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
See also:
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Medgar Evers
Freedom Schools
Freedom Summer
Greenwood Movement
Grenada Movement
Fannie Lou Hamer
Hattiesburg Movement
Jackson Movement
Clyde Kennard Frameup
McComb Movement
Meredith Desegregation of 'Ole Miss
Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Bob Moses
Voting Rights
Wednesdays in Mississippi
Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Assasination
Herbert Lee Murder
Emmett Till Murder
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission Online Archives (MS Archives & Library)
Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission: An Agency History (MS Hist. Society)
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission Files Opened (Refuse & Resist)
The Struggle for Justice (by Ben Chaney, American Bar Assoc)
Notes on the Tangled MSC Legal Case (Hunter Bear ~ NAACP & SCEF)
Berkeley Free Speech Movement & the MSC (by Jo Freeman ~ SCLC)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott (CRMVets)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Dexter Avenue Church Pastorium (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African American History!)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Spartacus Educational - UK)
They Changed the World (Montgomery Advertiser)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Alabama Department of Archives & History)
Lesson 1: Taking a Stand (Alabama Department of Archives & History)
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott (Academy of Achievement)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (AfricanaOnline)
Fightin' with Her Feet (Stephanie ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Montgomery, March to see Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Harry & Harriette Moore
Murder of Harry & Harriette Moore (CRMVets)
In Memory: Harry & Harriette Moore
Harry Moore (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Most Hated Black Man in Florida... (Jim Crow Museum ~ Ferris State Univ.)
Legacy of Harry T. Moore (PBS)
Life of Harry Tyson Moore
"Who Was Harry T. Moore? (Michael Browning, Palm Beach Post)
In Memory: Harry & Harriette Moore
Harry & Harriette Moore Memorial Website
Bob Moses
Bob Moses - Civil Rights (Boston Latin School)
The Civil Rights Work of Bob Moses (Lesson Plan) (NOW - PBS)
Robert Moses (Spartacus Educational)
Robert Moses Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Monroe NC Movement see Robert F. Williams...
The Movement Friends of SNCC Newspaper 1965-70 (Farmworkers) [PDF]
Movement Veterans — Personal Websites
Music of the Movement see Freedom Songs
~ N ~
Diane Nash
Daring of Nonviolence — Diane Nash (Common Dreams Newsletter)
Unsung Heroine of the Movement (Every Church a Peace Church)
An Ongoing Legacy of Resistance (Madison Times)
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Nashville Student Movement
Nashville Student Movement (CRMVets)
Nashville Sit-Ins (Linda Wynn, Tennessee State Univ.)
Civil Rights Movement in Nashville (Nashville Public Library)
Sit-ins: Nashville, Tenn. (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Diane Nash, Unsung Heroine (Every Church a Peace Church)
Nashville sit-ins (Wikipedia)
Nashville — We Were Warriors (A Force More Powerful ~ Film)
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
NAACP (NAACP website)
Crises Online (NAACP magazine)
National Association for Advancement of Colored People (Wikipedia)
NAACP (AfricaOnline)
NAACP (Spartacus Educational - UK)
NAACP (Rise & Fall of Jim Crow ~ PBS)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (King Institute)
Anti-NAACP Attacks, 1956-1964
Southern States Try to Destroy NAACP (CRMVets)
The South Counterattacks: The Anti-NAACP Laws (Walter Murphy)
Louisiana v NAACP (U.S. Supreme Court ~ FindLaw.com)
NAACP v Alabama (U.S. Supreme Court ~ FindLaw.com)
NAACP v Button [VA] (Cornell Law School)
Texas NAACP History (Texas NAACP)
NAACP Legal Defense & Education Fund ("Ink Fund")
National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) & Dorothy Height
National Council of Negro Women
National Council of Negro Women (About.com)
National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
National Council of Negro Women (Black Scholars Index)
Dr. Dorothy I. Height (National Council of Negro Women)
Dorothy Height (About.com)
Dorothy Height (1912-2010) (Democracy Now)
The Depth Of Dorothy Height (Michel Martin ~ NPR)
Dorothy Height & Sexism of the Civil Rights Movement (Paul Delaney ~ The Root)
Dorothy Height (racematters.org)
See also Wednesdays in Mississippi
New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
New Orleans Merchant Boycotts & Sit-ins, 1960 (CRMVets)
New Orleans School Desgregation, 1960 (CRMVets)
Freedom March in New Orleans, 1963 (CRMVets)
A House Divided Teaching Guide (SIER ~ Tulane Univ)
A Class of One — Interview With Ruby Bridges (Online News Hour - PBS)
New Orleans school integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
The Education of Ruby Nell (by Ruby Bridges)
Ruby Bridges (Wikipedia)
Nonviolent Resistance
Civil Rights Movement And Violence (Guyana Jounal)
Interview with Malcolm X (Hartford Web Publishing)
Nonviolent Resistance articles (Bruce Hartford)
Daring Nonviolence - Diane Nash (Common Dreams)
Non-violent Resistance (Spartacus Educational, UK)
Nonviolent Resistance (Wikipedia) Overview and history
On Violence and Nonviolence: The CRM in Mississippi (MS Hist. Soc.)
SNCC & Non-Violence (SNCC 1960-1966)
We Shall Overcome (American Studies Online ~ UK)
Philosophies & Strategies — Non-Violence & Black Power (HistoryOrb.com)
Why Non-Violence Waned & Black Power Gained (HistoryOrb.com)
Nonviolent Resistance in Today's World
A Force More Powerful (film, book, game, resources)
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)
Common Peace, The Center for the Advancement of Nonviolence
Albert Einstein Institution
Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)
M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence
Institute for Study and Practice of Nonviolence
International Center on Nonviolent Conflict
A.J. Muste Memorial Institute
Nonviolence (Gene Sharp)
Nonviolence International
Nonviolence.org Web portal for nonviolence
Nonviolence Training Project (Australia)
Nonviolence Works
Pace e Bene Nonviolence Service
Peace Brigades International (PBI)
Resource Center for Nonviolence.
Training for Change
War Resisters League
Why Civil Resistance Works The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict
North Carolina Movement
Greensboro History (International Center for Transitional Justice)
Tear Down These Walls: 1954-1980 (NC Museum of History)
Black-Belt Thunder: North Carolina & SCEF (Hunter Bear)
See also Greensboro Sit-ins
~ O ~
Oral Histories
List of Oral Histories collected by Shiela Michaels
Who Speaks for the Negro? (Vanderbilt Univ.). Audio interviews.
Oral History Bibliography (CRDP ~ USM)
Mississippi Civil Rights Oral Histories (CRDA ~ USM)
Southern Oral History Project (Univerity North Carolina-Chapel Hill)
LBJ Library
Oral History — Fannie Lou Hamer Transcript (Univ Southern Miss)
See also Our Stories
Orangeburg SC Movement & Orangeburg Massacre of 1968
Student Protests & Boycotts — Orangeburg, SC, 1956 (CRMVets)
Mass Arrest of Student Protesters, Orangeburg, SC., 1960 (CRMVets)
Orangeburg SC, Freedom Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights in Orangeburg County (Steven Davis ~ Univ. of SC) [PDF]
Orangeburg: Behind the Carolina Stockade (Tom Gaither ~ CORE)
Orangeburg Massacre (Search African-American History)
Orangeburg Massacre (Washington State Univ.)
SC State College (WSO Places ~ NPS)
All Star Bowling - Orangeburg Massacre (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Orangeburg Massacre Aanniversary (CNN)
Orangeburg Massacre 42nd Commemoration Ceremony (South Carolina State University)
~ P ~
Rosa Parks
Freedom Hero: Rosa Parks (Francisca Stewart, 4th Grade)
Rosa Parks (AfricanaOnline)
Rosa Parks (Time 100, Times Magazine)
Rosa Parks "How I Fought for Civil Rights" (Scholastic) (Grades 7-8)
Rosa Parks: Pioneer of Civil Rights (Academy of Achievement)
Rosa Parks, Mother of the CRM (Girl Power! ~ U.S. Dept HHS) (Ages 9-13)
Rosa Parks: Woman Who Changed a Nation (grandtimes.com)
Why do you push us around? (Library of Congress)
How One Person Made a Difference (National Network for Child Care)
Rosa Parks Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Lemuel Penn
Lemuel Penn (Arlington National Cemetary)
Lemuel Penn Murder (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Highway 172 Revisited (Athens Banner-Herald)
Lemuel Penn Murdered Near Athens in 1964 (Another Voice From Oconee County)
Remembrance for Lemuel Penn (Madison County GA Journal)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
Photos by Jo Freeman. Movement photos by SCLC staff member Jo Freeman.
Poll Taxes
Poll tax as a form of social control ... (William Long ~ Atlanta Univ.
Suffrage in the South (George Stoney, Survey Graphic)
Injustice of the Poll Tax and ... (Andrew Kirshenbaum ~ FairVote)
Techniques of Direct Disenfranchisement ... (Geography of Race ~ U Mich.)
Poll Tax (Wikipedia)
Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Wikipedia)
24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (National Parks Service)
24th Amendment: commentary (DeafVote.com)
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (Cornell Law School)
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (Wikipedia)
Poor People's Campaign and Resurrection City
Poor People's Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Poor People's Campaign (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Poor Peoples Campaign Arrives in D.C! (African American Registry)
Poor People's Campaign of 1968 and Resurrection City (Art McGee)
See also Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Powerful Days In Black and White. Civil rights photography of Charles Moore.
Prayer Pilgrimage for Civil Rights, Washington DC
Prayer Pilgrimage for Civil Rights, 1957 (Library of Congress)
Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Washington, D.C (Civil Rights Digital Library)
~ Q ~
~ R ~
A. Philip Randolph
Randolph, A. Philip (1889-1979) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
A. Philip Randolph (Wikipedia)
Asa Philip Randolph (AFL-CIO)
LBJ Library
Repression against the movement see:
Alabama vs NAACP
FBI Against the Movement
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Orangeburg SC Massacre 1968
White Citizens Council (now known as "Council of Conservative Citizens)
Jimmy Lee Jackson Murdered
Martin Luther King Assasination
Herbert Lee Murder
Viola Luizzo Murder
Lemuel Penn Murder
Gloria Richardson see Cambridge MD Movement & Gloria Richardson
Rock Hill Sit-ins see Charlotte & Rock Hill Sit-ins
Bayard Rustin
Biographical Notes Bayard Rustin (A. Philip Randolph Institute ~ APRI)
Bayard Rustin Civil Rights Leader (QuakerInfo.com)
Bayard Rustin (Wikipedia)
Bayard Rustin (Spartacus Educational - UK)
The Organizer, Bayard Rustin (Race Matters Resource Center)
Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin (P.O.V. ~ PBS)
Bayard Rustin Interview (Teachers Domain)
Rustin, Bayard (1910-1987) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
~ S ~
St. Augustine Movement
St. Augustine FL, Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
St. Augustine FL, Movement, 1964 (CRMVets)
St. Augustine Movement (Shirley Bryce ~ ACCORD)
St. Augustine Movement (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
St. Augustine (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Dare Not Walk Alone (Film St. Augustine movement)
St. Augustine Freedom Trail
Savannah Movement
Savannah Sit-ins & Boycott, 1960 (CRMVets)
Savannah GA, Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Gilbert Civil Rights Museum
School Desegregation see Brown v. Board of Education 1950-1954.
Mickey Schwerner see Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
SCOPE Summer Project, 1965
Dynamics of Idealism: Volunteers for Civil Rights (Univ Wisc)
Papers of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954-1970 (Lexis/Nexis)
Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia. (Ferris State Univ.)
Remembering Jim Crow (American Raido Works)
Civil Rights in America: Racial Desegregation of Public Accommodations (NPS) [PDF]
Self-defense see:
Bogalusa LA Movement
Robert F. Williams, Monroe NC Movement, & Self-Defense
Selma Voting Rights Campaign & March to Montgomery
Selma — Cracking the Wall of Fear, 1963 (CRMVets)
Freedom Day in Selma, 1963 (CRMVets)
The Selma Injunction, 1964 (CRMVets)
Selma & the March to Montgomery (A Discussion ~ CRMVets)
National Voting Rights Museum and Institute (Selma, Alabama)
Selma to Montgomery March (King Institute at Stanford Univ.)
When You Pray, Move Your Feet (Library of Congress)
Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March (NPS) [Lesson Plan]
Selma To Montgomery National Historic Trail (NPS)
Bernard LaFayette SNCC Director of Selma effort (NPS)
Selma-to-Montgomery March (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Selma-to-Montgomery National Historic Trail (WSO Places ~ NPS)
The President, the Wildcard, & the Link (WhiteHousetapes.Org ~ UVA)
Selma-Montgomery March (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Selma March 1965 (Stanford Humanities Lab)
Selma-to-Montgomery Voting Rights March (Gwen Patton ~ ADAH)
Selma 1965: The Historic Alabama Voting Rights Campaign (Chuck Fager)
Selma, Alabama (Silas Norman and John Love, SNCC)
Selma on the Road to Civil Rights (Poynter Institute)
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Sheyann Webb Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Police Attack Alabama Marchers (BBC)
Bridge To Freedom 1965 (Eyes on the Prize ~ PBS)
Selma March (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Selma (African American History!)
Sisters of Selma: Bearing Witness for Change (PBS documentary)
LBJ Library
The Selma-to-Montgomery Story (History Now) [Lesson Plan]
Selma to Montgomery -- A Visual History (Photographs by Spider Martin)
Selma, Alabama Jeremy Stangroom
Pilgrimage to Selma, 37 years Later (Richard Leonard ~ UUA)
Selma, 1965 and 2000 (Susan Starr ~ PeaceWork/AFSC)
And Justice For All... (Jennifer ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Selma 1965-2005 (Chuck Fager)
Selma Bridge: Always Under Construction (Allen Tullos ~ Southern Spaces)
See also JFK Library
Fred Shuttlesworth
Fred Shuttlesworth (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth (Cincinnati Historical Society)
Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth Interview (Teachers Domain)
See also
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Sit-ins
Sit-ins Spread Across the South (CRMVets)
Sitting for Justice (Smithsonian Museum of American History)
International Civil Rights Center and Museum
Sit-Ins (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Segregated Lunch Counters (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Sit-Ins (African American History!)
You Say You Want a Revolution (Irene ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Justice (CORE ~ Online Archive California)
See also entries for specific states and cities
South Carolina Movement see:
Orangeburg SC Movement & Orangeburg Massacre
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Founded (CRMVets)
SCLC Website Current SCLC organizational website.
SCLC Magazine Current issue
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Records of SCLC, 1954-1970 (LexisNexis)
Papers of the SCLC: 1954 - 1970 (Institute of Government ~ Univ. Georgia)
Records of the SCLC, 1954-1970 (Truman State Univ.)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (University of Houston)
This is SCLC (1960 pamphlet) (National Humanities Center)
Summer Community Organization and Political Education Project (SCOPE)
Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) Project
SCOPE project (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Dynamics of Idealism: Volunteers for Civil Rights (DISC ~ Univ. Wisconsin)
Freedom Now! An Archival Project (Tougaloo College and Brown University)
SCOPE Project (Wikipedia)
See also
Martin Luther King
Fred Shuttlesworth
Andrew Young
JFK Library
Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF)
Two Remarkable Women (Jo Freeman)
The South's Rebel Without A Pause (Heather Gray ~ In Motion)
A Life Of Enduring Impact (Sojourners magazine)
Southern Conference for Human Welfare... (Indiana Univ.)
SCEF: A Guide to Its Records (Georgia State Univ.)
Southern Conference Educational Fund (Marxism mailing list archive )
Southern Courier
Southern Courier (Sample issues & background ~ CRMVets)
The Southern Courier
Writing the Wrong in Alabama (Harvard Crimson)
Southern Courier A Brief History (Michael Lottman ~ AUM)
Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC)
Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) Founded (CRMVets)
SSOC: Students in the South (Ed Hamlett ~ Online Archive California)
Sovereignty Commission see Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ("snick")
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Founded (CRMVets)
SNCC 1960-1966. (Four students at Univ. North Carolina)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
SNCC & MFDP (ROAR International)
SNCC: What We Did (Julian Bond ~ Monthly Review)
SNCC (Spartacus Educational - UK)
SNCC - Young Soldiers of the Civil Rights Movement (Global Mappings)
SNCC (Center for Oral History ~ Univ. of Southern Mississippi)
SNCC (Veterans of Hope Project)
SNCC (Transcript) (Black Issues Forum ~ UNCTV)
A Family Divided (Irene Huangyi Lin - Odyssey U.S. Trek)
SNCC (U.S. Defense Department Intelligence Report)
SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference
SNCC Listserve
See also:
Ella Baker
Black Power
Julian Bond
Freedom Rides
Freedom Summer
Jim Forman
Fannie Lou Hamer
John Lewis
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
Robert (Bob) Moses
Diane Nash
Sit-ins
Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael)
Student Strike at Moton High
Barbara Johns A Student Leads the Way (Brown Foundation)
Moton High School (WSO Places ~ NPS)
The Road to Brown (documentary film).
Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) Project see Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Summer Volunteers
Dynamics of Idealism: Volunteers for Civil Rights Survey & data (Univ. of Wisconsin)
~ T ~
Tallahassee Bus Boycott
Tallahassee Bus Boycott (Mike Pope)
Tallahassee Bus Boycott (Wikipedia)
Tallahassee Commemorates 1956 Bus Boycott (Epoch Times)
Tuskegee Boycott (Butler Chapel, WSO Places ~ NPS)
Emmett Till
The Emmett Till Case (Coleytown Middle School)
Emmett Till murdered! (African-American Registry)
Emmett Till - The Boy (Africaonline)
Emmett Till murder (Civil Rights Digital Library)
They Stand Accused James Hicks (Christopher Metress )
Death of Emmett Till (Bob Dylan song)
Emmett Till Murder (EmmitTillMurder.Com)
Lynching of Emmett Till (In Search of Heroes)
Murder of Emmett Till (American Experience - PBS)
Perspective: Emmett Till: Horrors of Lives (The Hilltop - Howard Univ.)
Murder of Emmett Till (African American History!)
The Emmett Till Case (Eisenhower Presidential Library)
Till, Emmett Louis (1941-1955) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael)
Kwame Ture (In Memory ~ CRMVets)
Testimony of Stokely Carmichael (Senate Internal Security Cmte)
Position Paper: The Basis of Black Power (The '60s Project)
1967 Speech & Slideshow (Washington Univ.)
"Black Power" - speech 1968 (American Rhetoric)
Kwame Ture Interview (Stokely Carmichael) (Teachers Domain)
~ U ~
University of Alabama, Desegregation of
Standing In the Schoolhouse Door (CRMVets)
University of Alabama Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
See also Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
University of Georgia, Desegregation of
University of Georgia Desegregated, 1961 (CRMVets)
Charlayne Hunter-Gault (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Hamilton Holmes (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
University of Georgia Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Athens (Freedom on Film ~ Univ. Georgia)
40th Anniversary Desegregation of UGA (Univ. of Georgia)
Georgia Tech Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
University of Mississippi, Desegregation of see Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss, 1962
~ V ~
Veteran's websites see Movement Veteran's Websites
Vietnam War & Civil Rights Movement
SNCC Position Paper on Vietnam, 1966
Beyond Vietnam - A Time to Break Silence Dr. King's speech, 1967 [PDF]
Vietnam War (SNCC 1960-1966)
Vietnam War (1961-1975) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Virginia Movement see:
Charlottsville, Race & Place
Danville Movement
The Norfolk 17 (Virginia school integration)
C.T. Vivian
Rev. C.T. Vivian Interview (Teachers Domain)
Vivian, Cordy Tindell (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Rev. C.T. Vivian Ignites Imaginations (Transformation of America)
Vivian, Cordy Tindell (BlackPast.org)
C.T. Vivian Interview (Eyes on the Prize ~ PBS) [PDF]
Voices of Civil Rights. (History Channel)
Voting Rights
Voting Rights — Are You "Qualified" to Vote? (CRMVets)
Voting Rights History — Two Centuries of Struggle (CRMVets)
Race and Voting in the Segregated South (Constitutional Rights Foundation)
Civil Rights in America: Racial Voting Rights (NPS) [PDF]
See also:
Civil Rights Acts
Mississippi Movement
Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Voting Rights Act
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Renew the Voting Rights Act (CRMVets)
Renew the VRA Campaign (CivilRights.Org)
Voting Rights Act at 40 (NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund)
National Commission on the Voting Rights Act (LCCRUL)
Voting Rights Act: Renew Restore (ACLU)
Reaffirm Commitment to Voting Rights Act (National Council of Churches)
Federal Voting Rights Laws (U.S. Dept. of Justice)
~ W ~
Wednesdays in Mississippi
Wednesdays in Mississippi (Univ. Virginia)
Recollections of Polly Spiegel Cowan (Jewish Women's Archive)
Wednesdays in Mississippi (MathDaily)
Wednesdays in Mississippi (SeeSaw blog)
See also National Council of Negro Women & Dorothy Height
We Shall Overcome (Song)
We Shall Overcome (Library of Congress)
The History of 'We Shall Overcome' (NPR)
Protest Songs: We Shall Overcome (Lift Every Voice ~ Univ. Virginia)
We Shall Overcome (Wikipedia)
Highlander Folk School and "We Shall Overcome" (Music of Social Change ~ Emory Univ.)
Speech:
Martin Luther King — We Shall Overcome (YouTube Video)
Performances:
We Shall Overcome ~ SNCC Freedom Singers (MP3 Audio)
We Shall Overcome Historic Places NPS website with map of major Movement sites. (Click on the red location circles.)
White Citizens Council (now known as "Council of Conservative Citizens)
White Citizens Council Formed (CRMVets)
Council of Conservative Citizens (Anti-Defamation League)
Sharks in the Mainstream (Southern Poverty Law Center)
White Citizens Council (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
See also Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Robert F. Williams, Monroe NC Movement, & Self-Defense
Robert Williams & Armed Self-Defense in Monroe NC (CRMVets)
Frame-up, Escape, & Exile of Robert F. Williams (CRMVets)
Warrior For Freedom, 1925-1996 (Southern Exposure)
Speech by Robert F. Williams in China (MarxMail.org)
Robert F. William (Alternative Tentacles Records)
Robert F. Williams (Wikipedia)
Women In the Civil Rights Movement
Women of the Freedom Movement (CRMVets)
Women Who Shaped the Civil Rights Movement. (Yale Univ.)
I Can't Deal With Her: Black and White Women in the Movement (Ruby Sales ~ SomethingWithin.com)
~ X ~
~ Y ~
Andrew Young
LBJ Library
Andrew Young (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Andrew Young (Audio Interview) (Tavis Smiley Show)
Andrew Young (Presidential Medal of Freedom)
Youth March for Integrated Schools 1958
Youth March for Integrated Schools (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Address at Youth March (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Youth March For Integrated Schools (Labor Zionist Youth Movement)
Labor & Civil Rights: Two Movements, One Goal? (George Meany Archives)
~ Z ~
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